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愛新覺羅·皇太極
天聰汗愛新覺羅·皇太極（1592—1643年)，努爾哈赤第八子，滿族。天命十一年(1626年)九月，繼后金汗位，以次年為天聰元年。天聰十年（1636年）四月，皇太極在沈陽稱帝，建國號大清，改年號為崇德，并以是年為崇德元年。前后在位17年。在位期間，注意發展生產，增強兵力，不斷對明作戰，確定滿族族名，建立清國，為清王朝的確立和后來統一中國打下了堅實基礎。
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